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Basic Neuropathology 9

 
Basic Neuropathology 7

 
Basic Neuropathology 8

 
Basic Neuropathology 6

 
Basic Neuropathology 05
This is a photomicrograph of a brain biopsy stained with H&E. What is the abnormal finding in this slide
 
Basic Neuropathology 04
This is a photomicrograph of a brain biopsy stained with H&E. What are the abnormal structures shown in this slide called
 
Basic Neuropathology 03
Loss of the cells shown in this image is associated with which of the following exam findings
 
Basic Neuropathology 02
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the space indicated by the unnecessarily large red arrow in the image above
 
Basic Neuropathology 01
What are Creutzfeldt cells
 



User Forums and Comments



Comment
wonderful sirA gr8 ideasir wat is the scope of doiong Neurology after doing Neuropathology
 
Why are you doing this?
Other versions of this question have included, Why the hell do you spend so much time on this and What does your wife thinkWell, here's the deal.  I've been programming since I was in grade school (back then, it was Fortran on punchcards).  Some people golf...
 
Re: how do we tell the difference between DNT and oligodendrogli
Ingy -Thanks for the excellent question.Admittedly, oligodendroglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) look a lot alike, and you might not be able to tell the difference between them if all you saw was one slide.  For examination purposes,...
 
Re: Re: Re: Most Important Neuropathology Topics for Neurology R
how do we tell the difference between DNT and oligodendroglioma, this egg like and fried egg apperance
 
Re: Re: Most Important Neuropathology Topics for Neurology Resid
PKAN = Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.This is the ailment formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.  Since Hallervorden and Spatz were involved in Nazi atrocities, they don't get to keep the disease anymore.  
 
Re: Most Important Neuropathology Topics for Neurology Residents
PKAN
 
Re: Most Important Neuropathology Topics for Neurology Residents
Here's a bit on pseudopallisading necrosis in glioblastoma.
 
Most Important Neuropathology Topics for Neurology Residents
Okay, so here's the scenario.You're a neurology resident, and you're studying for some big boards-type exam.  FrontalCortex.com has hundreds and hundreds of neuropathology images and stuff, but you want to focus on the high-yield neuropathology...
 
Lots of New Stuff
There are a lot of new features on FrontalCortex which have been added over the past few months.Most significantly, we've added the ability for users to create and maintain multimedia online courses.  Check out the courses tab.  You'll find an online...
 
Comment
The only blog about neuropathology! It contains web links of interest to neurologists.
 
Comment
Neuropathology cases from the VA
 
Ohio University Neuropathology test questions
Good stuff!
 
International Society of Neuropathology Case of the Month.
Pathology! I don't know about you, but I have a hard time finding good path cases. This site is chock full of 'em.
 
Re: Useful Links Forum
NeuropathologyWeb.org - a nice page with lots of teaching materials and study questions, on neuropathology.
 



Online Course Content



Neuropathology for Neurology Residents
Welcome to neuropathology for neurology residents.This online course was developed by Dr. Mark Cohen and Dr. Doug Miles.  It is intended to be used as the cornerstone for a resident-level neuropathology course, in conjunction with assigned textbook reading...
 
Neuropathology Board Review part 6 (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review part 5 (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review part 4 (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review part 3 (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review part 2 (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review part 1 (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review (video)

 
Neuropathology Board Review
WelcomeWe are proud to present a series of videos by Dr. Mark Cohen, providing an overview of topics in neuropathology.When you click the thumbnails, the videos may begin playing in small size - you can enlarge them by clicking the square in the upper right hand corner of each video...
 
Online courses
On FrontalCortex.com, you can create a collection of multimedia resources organized into a coherent structure focused on one topic.This is considered an online course. An example of this is the neuropathology course, or the EMG course. Mixing with Face-to-Face...
 
Recorded Lectures and Flash Presentations
At this time, FrontalCortex.com has at least a dozen full-length lectures, featuring slides, recorded voice, and some basic user interactive features (Skip ahead, go back, etc).Great deal of interest from some medical instructors.  In residency programs,...
 
Prion Infections
Infection without inflammation – Prion diseases    A. PathogenesisHuman spongiform encephalopathies are a group of disorders that share certain clinical, pathological, and pathogenetic features. All cause a progressive, fatal, dementing illness; most...
 
Alzheimer Disease
Alzheimer's Disease is the most common dementing illness and can occur at any age over 30. It tends to affect women more than men, even when survival differences are taken into account. It is relatively uncommon before age 65, affecting about 0.1% of the...
 
Vascular Disease 4: Other topics in vascular disease
Working from the outside in, intracranial hemorrhage may be epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intraparechymal, or intraventricular in origin (though many do not remain localized to a single compartment). The term “hemorrhagic stroke” only applies to subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhages...
 
GFAP
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament expressed in astrocytes and ependyma.  Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for GFAP consequently highlights these cells. In the examples here, the regions which stain brown indicate the presence of GFAP...
 
H&E - Normal Example (image)

 
Commonly used stains
In this section, we'll go over some of the more commonly used stains in neuropathology.  Different stains might be used in different tissues.  For example, the Gomorri trichrome stain is especially helpful in muscle to find certain types of myopathy...
 
Other Immune Stains
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is the technique of using antibodies against a specific antigen (such as amyloid, CD68, ubiquitin, or GFAP) to label a tissue.  This technique is extremely versatile, since it can be applied to virtually any epitope to which a specific antibody can be created...
 
Electron Microscopy
In pathology-speak, Electron Miscroscopy is often referred to as EM or ultrastructural examination.EM is time consuming and technically challenging, but allows the visualization of structures much, much smaller than anything visible on light miscoscopy. ...
 
COX (Cytochrome Oxidase) Staining
Cytochrome oxidase (cox) is an oxidative enzyme in the electron transport chain.  Staining for cox is a sensitive method to assess capacity for oxidative metabolism. Type I muscle fibers have a higher capacity for oxidative metabolism than type II cells,...
 
NADH
NADH is a marker for oxidative activity.  Histochemical staining for NADH can therefore give an indication of the relative oxitadive activity of a structure.  Among other things, NDAH staining can be used to differentiate Type I from Type II mucle fibers, or show the presence of central cores.
 
ATPase
ATPase stains are histochemical stains to assess the relative function of myofibrillar ATPase.  This is helpful in distinguishing Type I fibers from Type II fibers.ATPase stains differently depending on the pH at which the stain is performed.  At lower pH values (e...
 
H & E
H&E is short for Hematoxylin and Eosin.  The H&E staining method is the most commonly used stain in neuropathology.  It is a simple stain, and provides an excellent first look at the tissue of interest.Hematoxylin as a basic dye, and has an affinity for basophilic structures...
 
H&E Stain of a Pilocytic Astrocytoma (image)

 
Other non-immune stains
These stains are ones that you may come across during your rotation or during your reading, but are less frequently used than the ones discussed elsewhere.These are all tinctorial stains, not immune or histochemical stains.Click any of the images below for...
 
Myopathy with Tubular Aggregates
Tubular aggregates are a fairly nonspecific finding.  They are found in many muscle disorders, including perioric paralyses, some myotonic disorders, ond some toxic myopathies. Tubular aggreagates look like this (click to enlarge):    References:Katirji, B...
 
Categories of Congenital Myopathies
The congenital myopathies are genetic diseases resulting in skeletal muscle abnormalities.  They are often apparent at birth, but may not manifest symptoms until later in life. Categorization of Congenital Myopathies Since there is considerable overlap in...
 
Multicore Disease / Minicore Disease
Multicore Disease and Minicore Disease are synonymous terms.The disorder they describe is related to, but distinct from, central core disease.  In central core disease, the mitochondria-lacking cores run the whole length of the muscle fiber.  In minicore...
 
Nemaline Myopathy
Like many of the congenital myopathies, the features of nemaline myopathy tend to be more severe course if the disease initially presents in infancy.  A more moderate expression of the disease is expected if it presents in childhood.  There is a wide clinical...
 
Central Core Disease
Like many of the congenital myopathies, the features of central core disease tend to be more severe course if the disease initially presents in infancy.  A more moderate expression of the disease is expected if it presents in childhood, and the disease relatively...
 
Welcome to the Neuropathology course
Welcine to the neuropathology course!The pages, images, and multimedia files in this course should provide an ample introduction to neuropathology for a neurology resident. This course is designed to be adaptable to your style of learning, and how you approach the course is up to you...
 
Shared Educational Resources
This section contains recorded lectures on neuropathology.  LEGAL STUFF: These presentations may contain information which is subject to copyright.  Downloading or copying any of these files is prohibited.  Although this material, or portions of this material...
 
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Pilocytic astrocytomas are less common than diffuse astrocytomas, accounting for about 2% of all primary CNS tumors in all age groups.  However, they are the most common glioma in children.They frequently occur in the cerebellum, but can occur in other areas as well...
 
Ependymomas
Ependymomas are classified as glial tumors, although they also have epithelial properties.   They are common, accounting for 3%-9% of all brain tumors.  They can occur at any age, but are somewhat more common in children.40% of ependymomas occur in the first decade of life...
 
Gomori Trichrome
From an aesthetic point of view, the Gomori trichrome is my favorite muscle stain.  It also extremely helpful, and yields an abundance of the information.  A trichrome stain is a stain that highlights different chemical features in three different colors...
 
Silver Stain
The silver stain is not used clinically as commonly as it used to be.However, if you see a silver stain on the Boards, think of Alzheimer's disease and amyloid plaques.  
 
Introduction to Neuropathology for Neurology Residents
Welcome to Introduction to Neuropathology for Neurology Residents.This course is designed to expose you to the basics of neuropathology.  We don't expect at the end of this course that you'll be able to diagnose neuropathologic zebras, or get a job as a neuropathologist...
 



Gallery Images



H&E Stain of an Anaplastic Astro