Guess the disease!

Topic: Behavior

Created on Wednesday, February 21 2007 by jdmiles

Last modified on Wednesday, February 21 2007.

 
        A) Alpers-Hutttenlocher syndrome
 
        B) Hemifacial Spasm
 
        C) Korsakoff's Amnesic Syndrome
 
        D) Devic's Syndrome
 
        E) Wernicke's Encephalopathy
 

 

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This question was created on February 21, 2007 by jdmiles.
This question was last modified on February 21, 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

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A) Alpers-Hutttenlocher syndrome

This answer is incorrect.

Alpers-Hutttenlocher syndrome is a subtype of progressive cerebral poliodystrophy in which there are also hepatic symptoms: jaundice, fatty degeneration, and cirrhosis. Other symptoms include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and trichorrhexis.  (See References)

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B) Hemifacial Spasm

This answer is incorrect.

Hemifacial Spasm is a disorder characterised by painless twitching of the muscles on one side of the face (in 5%, bilateral, but asynchronous when it is). Usually caused by arterial compression of the facial nerve, which results in focal demyelination followed by ephaptic coupling of parallel axons. It can also result from Bell's palsy. Medcial treatments include Carbemazepine, baclofen, gabapentin and botulinum toxin. Surgical decompression of the nerve is a highly successful procedure, with some risks, including monaural deafness.  (See References)

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C) Korsakoff's Amnesic Syndrome

This answer is incorrect.

Korsakoff's Amnesic Syndrome is a syndrome of severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia. It is often associated with polyenuropathy. It is frequently associated with a thiamine deficiency secondary to alcoholism or malnutrition, with lesions of the mammillary bodies visible on pathology or MRI. It can have other etiologies, including ischemic lesions in various parts of the brain.   (See References)

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D) Devic's Syndrome

This answer is correct.

Devic's Syndrome is a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which optic neuritis and transverse myelitis occur together, or at least within weeks of each other. The transverse myelitis frequently leads to necrosis, and is thus more permanent than the usual transverse myelitis associated with MS. It also differs from MS in that the lesions are often limited to those described above, and the rest of the CNS is spared. Serologic finidngs are also frequently different from those of MS, e.g., no oligoclonal bands.  (See References)

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E) Wernicke's Encephalopathy

This answer is incorrect.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy is a syndrome of ophthalmoparesis, nystagmus, ataxia, and confusion. Other findings often include postural hypotension and hypothermia. It is associated with thiamine deficiency, often secondary to malnutrition or alcoholism.   (See References)

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References:

1. Victor, M., and Ropper, A.H. (2001). Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.

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behavior
Guess the disease!
Question ID: 02210701
Question written by J. Douglas Miles, (C) 2006-2009, all rights reserved.
Created: 02/21/2007
Modified: 02/21/2007
Estimated Permutations: 0