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Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes 05

Topic: Pediatric

Created on Thursday, October 4 2007 by jdmiles

Last modified on Thursday, October 4 2007.

An 8 year old girl presents to your office accompanied by her parents. The parents state that she has been having frequent staring spells. Past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. There is no family history of seizures. Exam is normal. You obtain an EEG, which shows the following finding:


Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Of the following options, which agent is the best choice as a first-line monotherapy treatment?


 
        A) Felbamate
 
        B) Tiagabine
 
        C) Lamotrigine
 
        D) Carbamazepine
 
        E) Vigabatrin
 

 


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This question was created on October 04, 2007 by jdmiles.
This question was last modified on October 04, 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS




A) Felbamate

This answer is incorrect.


This child has childhood absence epilepsy. Felbamate may be effective in treating absence seizures, but has an increased risk for potentially fatal hepatotoxicity, and is therefore not the initial treatment of choice.  (See References)

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B) Tiagabine

This answer is incorrect.


This child has childhood absence epilepsy. Tiagabine is contraindicated in this syndrome.  (See References)

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C) Lamotrigine

This answer is correct.


This child has childhood absence epilepsy. Ethosuximide is considered the initial treatment of choice if the patient has only absence seizures. If motor seizures are also observed, then valproate is the preferred agent. Lamotrigine is also a commonly-used monotherapy.  (See References)

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D) Carbamazepine

This answer is incorrect.


This child has childhood absence epilepsy.

Carbamazepine is ineffective in the treatment of absence seizures, and may exacerbate absence seizures in some patients.

Carbamazepine is effective as monotherapy or in combination with other agents for the treatment of partial seizures (particularly complex partial seizures), and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

  (See References)

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E) Vigabatrin

This answer is incorrect.


This child has childhood absence epilepsy. Vigabatrin is contraindicated in this syndrome. Some sources state that vigabatrin may worsen absence seizures.  (See References)

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References:

1. Levin, K.H., and Luders, H.O. (Eds.) (2000). Comprehensive Clinical Neurophysiology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
2. Trescher, W.H., and Lesser, R.P. (2004). The epilepsies. In Bradley, W.G., Daroff, R.B., Fenichel, G.M., and Jankovic, J. (Eds.). Neurology in Clinical Practice, Fourth Edition. Butterworth Heinemann, Philadelphia, pp. 1953-1992.
3. edited by Richard T. Johnson, John W. Griffin and Justin C. McArthur. . St. Louis, Mo. : Mosby, 2001. (ISBN:0323014720) Advertising:
4. Wheless, J.W., Clarke, D.F., and Carpenter, D. (2005). "Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: expert opinion, 2005." J Child Neurol, 20 Suppl 1 S1-56; quiz S59-60. (PMID:16615562)
5. Faught, E. (2003). "Clinical trials for treatment of primary generalized epilepsies." Epilepsia, 44 Suppl 7 44-50. (PMID:12919339)
6. Murphy, ., and Delanty, . (2000). "Primary Generalized Epilepsies." Curr Treat Options Neurol, 2(6) 527-542. (PMID:11096777)
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pediatric
Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes 05
Question ID: 100307151
Question written by J. Douglas Miles, (C) 2006-2009, all rights reserved.
Created: 10/04/2007
Modified: 10/04/2007
Estimated Permutations: 25200

User Comments About This Question:

1 user entries
 

jdmiles
pediatric EEG Image Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Oct 03, 2007 @ 16:14

The EEG image used in this question comes courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. The image is an EEG of generalized 3Hz spike and wave discharges.  This image is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.0.  For full documentation, please see: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Spike-waves.png



 
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